Looking for high quality 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid

2-Chloroisonicotinic acid , its cas register number is 6313-54-8. It also can be called 2-Chloro-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid or 2-Chloro-4-pyridine carboxylic acid .It is a white crystall powder.

Product Name: 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid 
IUPAC Name: 2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid 
Molecular Weight: 157.55446
Molecular Formula: C6H4ClNO2
Melting Point: 246 C 
Surface Tension: 61 
Density: 1.47 g/cm3 
Flash Point: 206.4 C 
Boiling Point: 417.7 C 
CAS Registry Number: 6313-54-8

After introducting the basic properties of 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid , I will show you some suppliers information about this chemical on Guidechem, if you need to buy some 2-Chloroisonicotinic acid (CAS NO: 872-31-1), you can access to Guidechem, and contact them. I hope this information is useful for you.

Supplier information one:

2-Chloroisonicotinicacid
Updatetime:Sep 23 2013
Purity:95%+ Min. Order:mg/g/Gram Supply Ability:kg/T Month/Kilogram
DetailDesc:We are a leading global supplier and manufacturer of chiral chemicals, amino acids, aromatic and pyridine halogens, natural extracts and pharmaceutical raw materials. Those chemicals are widely used in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries and in research laboratories.
Tel:86-755-33239182
Address:Huiji302 Hutingju Sanwei Xixiang SHENZHEN 518126, China

Supplier information two:

2-Chloroisonicotinic acid
Updatetime:Nov 27 2013
Min. Order:1/Gram Supply Ability:1 Month/Metric Ton
Tel:86-411-39074598
Address:No.98,Shengli road,,Jinzhou district,
Introduction:Andexin industrial Co.,Limited was established in 2001. Our company is a professional high-tech enterprise located in China northeast, enjoying convenient transportation access, and its products have been issued with ISO 9001:2008. Our products has been exported to more than twenty countries and won good reputation among our old customers.

Supplier information three:

2-Chloroisonicotinic acid
Updatetime:Oct 17 2013
DetailDesc:Our company keeps the business tenet of “people first and customer esteemed” and the service principle of “superior quality, reasonable price, good faith”. We insist on the principle of win-win cooperation and would like to create brilliant future hand in hand with you!
Tel:86-1383-5989052
Address:No.9, Haikou Road, Huai'an Industiral Park, Jiangsu Province, China

Supplier information four:

2-Chloroisonicotinic acid
Updatetime:Nov 28 2013
Purity:99 Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:100 Year/Metric Ton
DetailDesc:2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylate;2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid;2-Chloro-4-Pyridine Carboxylic Acid;2-Chloro Isonicotinic Acid;4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-chloro-;2-chloro-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid;
Tel:0086-531-58773055
Address:No.59 Gongye South RD

Supplier information five:

2-Chloroisonicotinic acid
Updatetime:Oct 16 2013
Tel:86-21-12345678
Address:Lane No.36, Zhongke road 2195, Zhangjiang high-tech park, Pudong new area Shanghai, China
Introduction:Founded by a group of veterans from the US biopharmaceutical industry in 2010, P&T is now a leading Shanghai-based CRO company providing drug discovery and development services worldwide. With our technical expertise and excellent research facilities, we offer broad and integrated chemical synthesis (custom synthesis, library design and synthesis), medicinal chemistry.

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Looking for high quality Pyridine-3-boronic acid

Brief introduction of Pyridine-3-boronic acid

Other Chemical Name:3-Pyridylboronic acid
CBNumber:CB9111390
Molecular Formula:C5H6BNO2
Formula Weight:122.92
Chemical Properties: Light Yellow Powder
Usage: Boronic acid derivatives and their binding affinities with diols.
Appearance:Light yellow powder
CAS No.:1692-25-7

Suppliers’ information of Pyridine-3-boronic acid

Supplier 1:
Pyridine-3-boronic acid
Updatetime:Nov 26 2013
Purity:98% Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:up to kgs Month/Kilogram
DetailDesc:122.92,C5H6BNO2
Tel:86-571-85586718
Address:Joinhands Science Park, No.4028,Nanhuan Road

Supplier 2:
Pyridine-3-boronic acid(CAS NO:1692-25-7)
Updatetime:Oct 17 2013
DetailDesc:Our company keeps the business tenet of “people first and customer esteemed” and the service principle of “superior quality, reasonable price, good faith”. We insist on the principle of win-win cooperation and would like to create brilliant future hand in hand with you!
Tel:86-1383-5989052
Address:No.9, Haikou Road, Huai'an Industiral Park, Jiangsu Province, China

Supplier 3:
Pyridine-3-boronic acid
Updatetime:Nov 26 2013
Purity:99 Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:100 Year/Metric Ton
DetailDesc: 3-Pyridineboronicacid (7CI,8CI); Boronic acid, 3-pyridinyl- (9CI); (3-Pyridinyl)boronic acid;3-Pyridylboronic acid; Dihydroxy(3-pyridyl)borane;  Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid;  Pyridine-3-boronic acid;
Tel:0086-531-58773055
Address:No.59 Gongye South RD

Supplier 4:
Pyridine-3-boronic acid
Updatetime:Oct 31 2013
DetailDesc:Zhejiang Kaili Industrial Co., Ltd. is collect Science, Industrial and Trade together for a comprehensive high-tech entities. We are mainly engaged in the research, development, production and sales of APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Tel:86-571-85241926
Address:Block C&D,12/F,Lantian Business Center,No.18 Moganshan Road,Hangzhou,China

Supplier 5:
Pyridine-3-boronic acid
Updatetime:Oct 16 2013
Tel:86-21-12345678
Address:Lane No.36, Zhongke road 2195, Zhangjiang high-tech park, Pudong new area Shanghai, China
Introduction:Founded by a group of veterans from the US biopharmaceutical industry in 2010, P&T is now a leading Shanghai-based CRO company providing drug discovery and development services worldwide. With our technical expertise and excellent research facilities, we offer broad and integrated chemical synthesis (custom synthesis, library design and synthesis), medicinal chemistry (hit generation, lead opt...

Supplier 6:
Pyridine-3-boronic acid
Updatetime:Nov 26 2013
Tel:86-311-89830448
Address:Room 37-2-2501, Yiyuan Dong Gang Jianshe Nan Stree
Introduction:Shijiazhuang Sdyano Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. is a company specializing in pharmaceutical intermediates, liquid crystal intermediates, PDLC LCD, OLED LCD, such as fine chemicals R & D, production and sales of integrated chemical enterprise modernization. Our company has three subsidiaries: R & D center, production base and sales. The production quantity can be done from the number of grams...

Supplier 7:
3-Pyridylboronic Acid
Updatetime:Oct 17 2013
Tel:+86-(571)-87010026
Address:202, Zhenhua Road, Hangzhou Biopharma Pioneering Park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018,
Introduction:Evershine Chemical Co., Ltd.is a leading supplier and developer of APIs, Intermediates and building blocks., Gestodene,Drospironene, Custom synthesis & Contract research including benzene, pyridine, indole, piperidine , pyrimidine and thiazole derivates have been developed. For years' experience, Evershine Chemical has been firmly established as a leading supplier of innovative, exceptional qualit...


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Brief introduction and suppliers about 1R-(-)-Camphorsulfonic acid

Technical Information

Molecular Formula: C10H16O4S
Molecular Weight: 232.29
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Physical State: Solid
Storage: Store at room temperature
CAS Registry Number: 35963-20-3
EINECS: 252-817-9

The Safety Statements information of 1R-(-)-Camphorsulfonic acid: 

34:  Causes burns  
26:  In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice  
27:  Take off immediately all contaminated clothing  
45:  In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible)  
24/25:  Avoid contact with skin and eyes  
36/37/39:  Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection  
Transport: UN 3261, Class 8, Packing group II
PubChem CID: 5771688

After introducting the basic properties of 1R-(-)-Camphorsulfonic acid, I will show you some suppliers information about this chemical on Guidechem, if you need to buy some 1R-(-)-Camphorsulfonic acid(CAS NO: 35963-20-3), you can access to Guidechem, and contact them. I hope this information is useful for you.

Supply information 1:

1R-(-)-Cmphorsulfonic acid
Updatetime:Nov 25 2013
Purity:98 Min. Order:10/Kilogram Supply Ability:1000 Year/Metric Ton
DetailDesc: (1R)-(-)camphorsulfonic acid Other name: (-)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid Molecular Formula: C 10 H 16 O 4 S Molecular Weight: 232.30 CAS No.: 35963-20-3 Property: White crystal or crystalline powder. Not soluble in ether, slightly soluble in acetic acid, easily deliquescent in air....
Tel:86-27-88660577
Address:27th FL.shuian international masion Bldg.1,Heping Ave.wuhan city


Supply information 2:

1R-(-)-Cmphorsulfonic acid
Updatetime:Sep 23 2013
Purity:95+% Supply Ability:g/kg 
DetailDesc:Atomax Chemicals Co.,Ltd a leading global supplier and manufacturer of chiral chemicals, amino acids, aromatic and pyridine halogens, natural extracts and pharmaceutical raw materials. we are a registered chemicals provider for most giant pharmaceutical company like Merck, Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, Astrazeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, etc.
Tel:86-755-33239182
Address:Huiji302 Hutingju Sanwei Xixiang SHENZHEN 518126, China

Supply information 3:

1R-(-)-Cmphorsulfonic acid
Updatetime:Oct 17 2013
DetailDesc:Our company keeps the business tenet of “people first and customer esteemed” and the service principle of “superior quality, reasonable price, good faith”. We insist on the principle of win-win cooperation and would like to create brilliant future hand in hand with you!
Tel:86-1383-5989052
Address:No.9, Haikou Road, Huai'an Industiral Park, Jiangsu Province, China

Supply information 4:

1R-(-)-Cmphorsulfonic acid
Updatetime:Nov 26 2013
Purity:99 Min. Order:1/Kilogram Supply Ability:100 Year/Metric Ton
DetailDesc:Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-methanesulfonicacid,7,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-,(1R)-;(-)-(1R)-7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-methanesulfonic acid;(-)-10-Camphorsulfonic acid; (-)-Camphorsulfonic acid;(1R)-(-)-10-Camphorsulfonic acid; (1R)-10-Camphorsulfonic acid;(1R)-Camphorsulfoni...
Tel:0086-531-58773055
Address:No.59 Gongye South RD

Supply information 5:

1R-(-)-Cmphorsulfonic acid
Updatetime:Oct 31 2013
DetailDesc:Zhejiang Kaili Industrial Co., Ltd. is collect Science, Industrial and Trade together for a comprehensive high-tech entities. We are mainly engaged in the research, development, production and sales of APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Tel:86-571-85241926
Address:Block C&D,12/F,Lantian Business Center,No.18 Moganshan Road,Hangzhou,China


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Some Serious side effects of Citalopram Hydrobromide you should pay attention to

Citalopram is an antidepressant drug of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It has U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to treat major depression, which it received in 1998 and is prescribed off-label for other conditions. In UK, Germany, Portugal, Poland, and most European countries it is licenced for depressive episodes and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. In Spain it is also used for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Citalopram hydrobromide(CAS NO:59729-32-7) is a depression medication that is used to treat major depression and severe mood swings. It is used for treating most depression cases, except for bipolar depression, as it may actually aggravate the symptoms, or cause sudden unprecedented and rapid mood swings from depressive moods to manic moods. 

The mechanism of action of citalopram hydrobromide(CAS NO:59729-32-7) is similar to those of other anti-depression drugs. It acts on the brain and boosts the serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin is one of the chemical messengers of the central nervous system, which is known to elevate the mood of a person. However, just as there are two sides of every coin, there are certain citalopram hydrobromide serious side effects that people taking this medication must be aware of.

There is another class of anti-depressant drug which is known as MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors. Citalopram hydrobromide is known to have drug interactions with this class of drugs. These drug interactions can often prove to be fatal, hence, it is extremely important to give a proper and detailed history of the drugs and medications that you are taking. If you are on MAO inhibitors, then you should stop taking these drugs at least two weeks prior to taking citalopram hydrobromide.

One of the side effects is the development of an allergic reaction to citalopram hydrobromide. There are certain people who have an idiosyncratic allergy to this drug. In such cases, normally after a single dose itself, the person starts developing an allergic reaction to it, like rashes, itching, fever, irritability, excessive sweating etc. Thus, one should be aware of this possibility, and if he or she recognizes such signs of an allergic reaction, then he/she should stop the intake of the drug and bring the attention of the doctor to this anaphylactic reaction immediately.

Another most dangerous side effect is the possibility of citalopram hydrobromide causing suicidal thinking and suicidal tendencies if taken on a long term basis. This may especially occur if the person develops another parallel depressive disorder. This is one of the reasons why this drug is not given to anyone below 18 years of age.

In certain cases, there may be worsening of symptoms seen, like increased frequency of mood swings, going into extreme depression, suicidal tendencies etc.

For women that are pregnant or are breastfeeding, the safety of this drug is still questionable, as some studies have shown that citalopram hydrobromide maybe responsible for birth defects, although these findings are yet to be validated. Hence, it is best to avoid this drug during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Never overcompensate for a missed drug dose by taking a double dose while on citalopram hydrobromide, as an overdose of this drug can have dire consequences. Hence, it is best to simply take a dose as soon as one remembers. Also, do not abruptly stop the intake of citalopram hydrobromide, because it may lead to withdrawal symptoms.

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What is the usages and side effects of Ofloxacin

Ofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class considered to be a second-generation fluoroquinolone. The original brand, Floxin, has been discontinued by the manufacturer in the United States on 18 June 2009, though generic equivalents continue to be available.

Ofloxacin(CAS NO:82419-36-1) is sold under a wide variety of brand names as well as generic drug equivalents, for oral and intravenous administration. It is also available for topical use, as eye drops and ear drops.

Ofloxacin(CAS NO:82419-36-1) is not licensed by the FDA for use in children due to the risk of serious reversible and irreversible injury to the musculoskeletal system. Other fluoroquinolones do have a limited licensed uses in children but are generally not recommended due to safety concerns.Ofloxacin (and its derivatives) has also been associated with a few isolated reports of unexplained pediatric fatalities. Children (those under 18) are also at an increased risk of bone, joint, or tendon toxicities.

Prescribing ofloxacin in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of severe adverse drug reactions.

In the adult population ofloxacin is limited to the treatment of proven serious and life threatening bacterial infections such as:
1.Community-acquired pneumonia
2.Acute pelvic inflammatory disease
3.Nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis
4.Mixed Infections of the urethra and cervix
5.Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections
6.Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

It has not been shown to be effective in the treatment of syphilis. It is now considered to be contraindicated for the treatment of certain sexually transmitted diseases by some experts due to bacterial resistance

Like other quinolones, ofloxacin has been associated with a significant number of serious adverse drug reactions.These include pain, swelling, inflammation, and possible breakage of tendons. The risk of tendon problems is greater in patients who are older than 60 years, patients who take corticosteroids (eg, prednisone), and in those who have received kidney, heart, or lung transplants. The Achilles tendon in the back of the foot/ankle is most often affected. However, problems may also occur in other tendons (eg, in the shoulder, arm, hand). Problems may occur while you take this medicine or up to several months after you stop taking it.

Signs of tendon problems may include pain, soreness, redness, or swelling of a tendon or joint; bruising right after an injury in a tendon area; hearing or feeling a snap or pop in a joint or tendon area; or inability to move or bear weight on a joint or tendon area. Tell your doctor right away if you experience any of these symptoms while you take ofloxacin or within several months after you stop taking it.

Ofloxacin may worsen muscle weakness and breathing problems in patients with myasthenia gravis. Do not take ofloxacin if you have a history of myasthenia gravis.

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The environmental effects of Benzenesulfonyl chloride

Benzenesulfonyl chloride may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as a catalyst and as an intermediate in the production of phenol and other organic chemicals. If benzenesulfonyl chloride is released to soil, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze if the soil is moist, based upon the rapid hydrolysis observed in aqueous solution. 

Since Benzenesulfonyl chloride(CAS NO:98-09-9) rapidly hydrolyzes, adsorption to and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes. Based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.068 mm Hg at 25 deg C, volatilization from dry near-surface soil or other surfaces may be significant processes. If released to water, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze with a half-life of 5.1 min at 21 deg C. 

Since Benzenesulfonyl chloride rapidly hydrolyzes, bioconcentration, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment and suspended solids are not expected to be significant processes. No data were located concerning biodegradation, but benzenesulfonyl chloride probably chemically hydrolyzes significantly faster than it biodegrades. 

Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process in surface waters. If released to the atmosphere, it will be expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase based upon its estimated vapor pressure. It will be susceptible to photooxidation via vapor phase reaction with photochemically hydroxyl radicals. An atmospheric half-life of 7.9 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm has been estimated for this process based upon an estimated rate constant. 

Hydrolysis of benzenesulfonyl chloride(CAS NO:98-09-9) in moist air may be an important removal process based upon its rapid hydrolysis in aqueous solution. Direct photolysis is not expected to be an important removal process in the atmosphere. Exposure to benzenesulfonyl chloride will be primarily occupational via inhalation and possibly dermal contact.

Benzenesulfony chloride may be released to the environmet as a result of its manufacture and use as a catalyst and as an intermediate in the production of phenol and other organic chemicals. Benzenesulfonyl chloride has been used in the Friedel-Crafts sulfonylation of benzene.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of benzenesulfonyl chloride stems from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this colorless, oily liquid may occur from its manufacture and use as a catalyst, an intermediate in the production of phenols,amides, insecticides, miticides, and acaricides, and as a reagent for Friedel-Crafts sulfonation. 

Effects from exposure may include contact burns to the skin and eyes, and liver damage. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, and chemical protective clothing which has been specifically recommended by the shipper or manufacturer. If contact should occur, immediately irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. While benzenesulfonyl chloride does not ignite easily, it may burn with the production of poisonous gases. 

Runoff from fire control water may cause pollution. For fires involving benzenesulfonyl chloride, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, or regular foam. Small spills of this substance may be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and placed into containers for later disposal. Large spills should first be diked far ahead of the spill. Benzenesulfonyl chloride is a potential candidate for liquid injection or rotary kilnforms of incineration.

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Health Study about 1-Octen-3-ol

1-Octen-3-ol, octenol for short (also known as mushroom alcohol), is a chemical that attracts biting insects such as mosquitos. It is contained in human breath and sweat, and it was once believed that insect repellent DEET works by blocking the insects' octenol odorant receptors. Octenol is used, sometimes in combination with carbon dioxide, to attract insects in order to kill them with certain electronic devices.

1-Octen-3-ol(CAS NO: 3391-86-4) is a secondary alcohol derived from 1-octene. It exists in the form of two enantiomers, (R)-(-)-1-octen-3-ol and (S)-(+)-1-octen-3-ol. Octenol is formed during oxidative breakdown of linoleic acid.

It is produced by several plants and fungi, including edible mushrooms and Lemon balm. Its odor has been described as green and moldy or meaty; it is used in certain perfumes. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive. It is of moderate toxicity with an LD 50 of 340 mg/kg.

Octenol, as a pesticide active ingredient, is used in attracting certain species of mosquitoes and biting flies but the chemical itself does not kill insects. Octenol is registered in two forms: A) the racemic mixture, 1-Octen-3-ol(CAS NO:3391-86-4), which includes all isomers of this chemical, and B) R-(-)-1-Octen-3-ol which is a single isomer from the racemic mix. Both forms are generally referred to as Octenol and both may also be used in conjunction with carbon dioxide together with electronic devices that in turn kill the trapped insects. 

Note that both pest and non-pest insects may be attracted and killed by some devices. The devices themselves are not regulated by the EPA. When released into air, Octenol is not harmful to humans, to other non-target organisms, or to the environment. There is the potential for toxicity if ingested. Therefore, the amount of octenol accessible to children is evaluated for each product before an octenol containing product is registered by the EPA. 

For the registration of this medicine, the Agency waived the requirements for toxicity studies based on the packaging methods; small amount of the 1-Octen-3-ol that evaporates; widespread occurrence in plants, animals, and edible fruits and vegetables; approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in food; and status as Generally Recognized as Safe. 

Testing data indicates this medicine falls into: Toxicity Category II for acute oral toxicity with an LD50 of 340 mg/kg; Toxicity Category III for acute dermal toxicity with an LD50 of 3300 mg/kg; and that octenol is not irritating to the skin. Other non-published summary information on octenol indicate that the acute inhalation is Toxicity Category IV (LC50 is 3.72 mg/L) and that dermal and eye contact may cause irritation. No published studies investigating respiratory toxicity or eye irritation were submitted. 

1-Octen-3-ol fits the description provided above with one exception in that the registrant submitted data from a guideline study for the acute oral toxicity which places Roctenol in Toxicity Category III (LD50 of 550 mg/kg.). 1-Octen-3-ol is a component of some perfumes up to levels of 1% and there is no evidence of eye or respiratory effects caused by the evaporation of the perfume. 

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History, now and future of Adamantane

Adamantane is a colorless, crystalline chemical compound with a camphor-like odor. With a formula C10H16, it is a cycloalkane and also the simplest diamondoid. The molecules consist of four connected cyclohexane rings arranged in the "armchair" configuration. It is unique in that it is both rigid and virtually stress-free. 

Adamantane(CAS NO:281-23-2) is the most stable among all the isomers with formula C10H16, which include the somewhat similar twistane. The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms is the same in adamantane molecule and in the diamond crystal. This motivates the name adamantane, which is derived from the Greek adamantinos (relating to steel or diamond).

The discovery of adamantane in petroleum in 1933 launched a new chemistry field studying the synthesis and properties of polyhedral organic compounds. It derivatives have found practical application as drugs, polymeric materials and thermally stable lubricants.

The first attempt of laboratory synthesis was made by German chemist Hans Meerwein in 1924 using reaction of formaldehyde with diethyl malonate in the presence of piperidine. Instead of adamantane, Meerwein obtained 1,3,5,7-tetracarbomethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione. This compound was later named Meerwein's ester and used in the syntheses of adamantane and its derivatives.Later, another German chemist D. Bottger tried to obtain adamantane using Meerwein's ester as precursor. However, the product, tricyclo-[3.3.1.13,7] decane ring system, was again an adamantane derivative.

Adamantane itself enjoys few applications since it is merely an unfunctionalized hydrocarbon. It is used in some dry etching masks and polymer formulations. In solid-state NMR spectroscopy, adamantane is a common standard for chemical shift referencing. In dye lasers, adamantane may be used to extend the life of the gain medium; it cannot be photoionized under atmosphere because its absorption bands lie in the vacuum-ultraviolet region of the spectrum. Photoionization energies have been determined for this medicine as well as for several bigger diamondoids.

All medical applications known so far involve not pure adamantane, but its derivatives. The first adamantane derivative used as a drug was amantadine-first (1967) as an antiviral drug against various strains of flu and then to treat Parkinson's disease. Other drugs among adamantane derivatives include adapalene, amantadine, dopamantin, karmantadin, memantine, rimantadine, saxagliptin, tromantadine and vildagliptin. Polymers of adamantane have been patented as antiviral agents against HIV.

It was recently identified as a key structural subunit in several synthetic cannabinoid designer drugs, namely AB-001 and SDB-001

Some alkyl derivatives of adamantane have been used as a working fluid in hydraulic systems. Adamantane-based polymers might find application for coatings of touchscreens, and there are prospects for using adamantane and its homologues in nanotechnology. For example, the soft cage-like structure of adamantane solid allow incorporation of guest molecules, which can be released inside the human body upon breaking the matrix.

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How was Ranolazine approved?

Ranolazine is an anti-anginal medication. It works by improving blood flow to help the heart work more efficiently. It is used to treat chronic angina (chest pain). But it is not for use during an acute (emergency) attack of angina. It may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Ranolazine(CAS NO:94-62-2), sold under the trade name Ranexa by Gilead Sciences (who acquired the developer, CV Therapeutics in 2009), is an antianginal medication. In India, it is sold under the name "Ranozex". On January 31, 2006, ranolazine was approved for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris.

In this article , let us learn about how Ranolazine(CAS NO:94-62-2) was approved to use in Europe and United States.

In Europe

On 24 April 2008, the European Medicines Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion, recommending to grant a marketing authorisation for the medicinal product Latixa, 375-mg, 500-mg and 750-mg, prolonged-release tablets intended for treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris. The applicant for this medicinal product is CV Therapeutics Europe Limited. 

The approved indication is: “Latixa is indicated as add-on therapy for the symptomatic treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris who are inadequately controlled or intolerant to first-line antianginal therapies (such as beta blockers and/or calcium antagonists).”

In United States

The Food and Drug Administration has approved a new, first-line indication for ranolazine(CAS NO:94-62-2) for the treatment of chronic angina. The new labeling also provides information showing ranolazine reduced arrhythmias, including ventricular arrhythmias, new onset atrial fibrillation and a potentially dangerous slow heartbeat known as bradycardia in patients with coronary artery disease. In addition, the new labeling states Ranexa reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with diabetes.

According to the revised labeling, ranolazine is indicated for the treatment of chronic angina and may be used alone or in combination with traditional therapies for chronic angina, such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and nitrates, and common cardioprotective treatments for cardiovascular disease, such as antiplatelet therapy, lipid-lowering therapy, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.

Ranolazine may now be used as part of a medical therapy regimen for chronic angina patients, regardless of whether or not they receive a stent or other medical intervention. Ranolazine does not reduce heart rate or blood pressure and, unlike long-acting nitrates, ranolazine can be prescribed for patients taking oral erectile dysfunction treatments.

These new labeling changes were supported by a supplemental new drug application submitted in September 2007 that included data from the 6,560-patient MERLIN TIMI 36 trial, which showed no adverse trend in death or arrhythmia in a high-risk acute coronary syndromes patient population.

The revised labeling includes new language noting a significantly lower incidence of arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia and new atrial fibrillation) in patients treated with Ranexa versus placebo. This difference in arrhythmias did not lead to a reduction in mortality, a reduction in arrhythmia hospitalization or a reduction in arrhythmia symptoms.

The revised labeling also includes new language noting ranolazine produces small reductions in HbA1c. Though Ranolazine should not be considered a treatment for diabetes, it may be a particularly useful medication for the reduction of chronic angina in this patient population, which is difficult to treat because some antianginal medications, such as beta blockers, increase HbA1c.


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Preparation of 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethylaniline

Product Name: 4-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)anilineMolecular Formula: C7H5F3N2O2
Molecular Weight: 206.12g/mol
Mol File: 393-11-3.mol 
EINECS: 206-884-6
Melting Point: 125-129 C(lit.)
Boiling point: 326.4 C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 151.2 C 
Density: 1.503 g/cm3 
Index of Refraction: 1.525  Molar Refractivity: 42.01 cm3  
Molar Volume: 137 cm3  
Surface Tension: 40.5 dyne/cm 
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 56.86 kJ/mol 
Vapour Pressure: 0.000216 mmHg at 25C
H-Bond Donor: 1
H-Bond Acceptor: 6
Structure Descriptors of 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitroanilide (CAS NO.393-11-3):
IUPAC Name: 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline 
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC(=C(C=C1N)C(F)(F)F)[N+](=O)[O-]
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H5F3N2O2/c8-7(9,10)5-3-4(11)1-2-6(5)12(13)14/h1-3H,11H2  
InChIKey: UTKUVRNVYFTEHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Categories: Trifluoromethylbenzene serise; Anilines, Aromatic Amines and Nitro Compounds; Amines; Phenyls & Phenyl-Het; Phenyls & Phenyl-Het 

Preparation of 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethylaniline

A solution of 3.82 g(0.02 mol) of 3-trifluoromethylnitrobenzene, 3.3 g(0.02 mol) of N,N-diethylthiocarbamoylsulphenamide and 0.8 ml (0.02 mol) of methanol in 15 ml of dimethylformamide was added dropwise to a stirred suspension of 4 g (0.1 mol) of sodium hydroxide in 40 ml of dry liquid ammonia.

During the addition the mixture was cooled externally to ensure only slight refluxing of ammonia. After the addition was complete (after 10 minutes) the mixture was stirred at -30C to -33C. for 6 hours and ammonia was evaporated until the temperature of the mixture reached 0C. The mixture was then cooled to -10C. and 120 ml of water were added dropwise while keeping the temperature below +15C. 3 ml of light petroleum were added to protect the mixture from exposure to air and the whole mixture was then stirred for 15 mins. and left to stand overnight.

The precipitate was filtered and air-dried to give 3.5 g (85%) of the product which had a melting point of 85C-89C. It consisted of 92-93% of the required 4-nitro-2-trifluoromethylaniline which was contaminated with 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethylaniline produced from the 2-trifluoromethylnitrobenzene which had contaminated the starting material. According to 1 H-NMR (200 MHz) the product contained less than 1% of the disulphide.

The aqueous filtrate was added dropwise to a stirred mixture comprising 20 ml of 25% aqueous ammonina and 23 ml of 0.95N NaOCl at -12C to -15C. over a period of 20 mins. After subsequent stirring for 30 mins. at the same temperature the solid was filtered off, dissolved in methylene chloride, the solution was dried with anhydrous Na2 SO4 and the solvent was evaporated to give 2.8 g of N,N-diethylthiocarbamoylsulphenamide (85%) in the form of a solidifying oil.

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Introdution of 4-Bromobenzonitrile

IUPAC Name:  4-Bromobenzonitrile 
Synonyms: 1-Bromo-4-cyanobenzene ; p-Bromobenzonitrile ; Benzonitrile, 4-bromo- ; Benzonitrile, p-bromo- (8CI) 
Molecular Formula: C7H4BrN
Molecular Weight: 182.02
Molecular Structure: 
CAS NO: 623-00-7
EINECS: 210-764-9
H bond acceptors: 1 
H bond donors: 0 
Freely Rotating Bonds: 0 
Polar Surface Area: 23.79 Å2 
Index of Refraction: 1.606 
Molar Refractivity: 39.04 cm3 
Molar Volume: 113.1 cm3 
Surface Tension: 52.1 dyne/cm 
Density: 1.6 g/cm3 
Flash Point: 97 C 
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 47.36 kJ/mol 
Boiling Point: 236.8 C at 760 mmHg 
Vapour Pressure: 0.0464 mmHg at 25C 
Melting Point: 110-115 C(lit.)
Appearance: white to light yellow powder or flakes
Product Categories of 4-Bromobenzonitrile (CAS NO.623-00-7): FINE Chemical and INTERMEDIATES; blocks; Bromides; Carboxes; Halides; Phenyls and Phenyl-Het; Nitrile; Nitriles; Miscellaneous; Bromine Compounds; Benzonitriles (Building Blocks for Liquid Crystals);Building Blocks for Liquid Crystals;Functional Materials;Phenyls & Phenyl-Het;C6 to C7;Cyanides/Nitriles;Nitrogen Compounds.


Safety Information about 4-Bromobenzonitrile: 
Hazard Codes:HarmfulXn,Xi ToxicT
Risk Statements: 36/37/38-20/21/22
R20/21/22: Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 
Safety Statements: 61-36/37/39-26
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 
S61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. 
RIDADR: UN 3439 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: DI2460000
Hazard Note: Toxic/Irritant 
HazardClass: 6.1 
PackingGroup: III 
HS Code: 29269095


General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. 

Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam. 

Handling: Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. 
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container.

Spill Cleanup Instructions of 4-Bromobenzonitrile:
Toxic material. Irritating material. Environmentally hazardous material. Stop leak if without risk. DO NOT get water inside container. DO NOT touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Eliminate all sources of ignition. Consult federal, state, and/or local authorities for assistance on disposal.

Handling and Storage Information of 4-Bromobenzonitrile:
TOXIC. IRRITANT. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD. Keep locked up. Keep away from heat. Mechanical exhaust required. When not in use, tightly seal the container and store in a dry, cool place. Avoid excessive heat and light. DO NOT ingest. Do not breathe dust. Wear suitable protective clothing. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Treat symptomatically and supportively. Always store away from incompatible compounds such as oxidizing agents, alkalis (bases).

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Summary of Docusate sodium

Docusate sodium often referred to as DSS, Aerosol OT or AOT is a common ingredient in consumer products, especially laxatives of the stool softener type. It is also used as an emulsifying, wetting, and dispersing agent, as a pesticide, as well as a component of the oil dispersant Corexit which was used in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. It is an anionic surfactant, a substance that lowers the surface tension of water.

It is used to treat occasional constipation. Some medications and conditions can make constipation more likely. Stool softeners such as docusate are often the first method used for preventing and treating this type of constipation. Docusate is often used when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided (e.g., after a heart attack or surgery).

Docusate calcium(CAS NO:577-11-7) is a stool softener. It works by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass.

Take this medication by mouth, usually at bedtime with a full glass (8 ounces or 240 milliliters) of water or juice, or as directed by your doctor. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Decrease your dose or stop taking this medication if you develop diarrhea.

Follow all directions on the product package unless otherwise directed by your doctor. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

If you are using the liquid form of this medication, measure the dose carefully using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If you are using the drops, measure the medication with the dropper provided, or use a dose-measuring spoon or device to make sure you have the correct dose. Mix the syrup, liquid or drops in 4 to 8 ounces of fruit juice, milk or infant formula to prevent throat irritation and mask a bitter taste.

Use this medication only when needed. Do not use this product for more than 1 week unless directed by your doctor. Relief is usually seen in 1 to 3 days. Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Possible side effects are typically mild and include stomach pain, diarrhea, or cramping. Serious allergic reactions can occur with the drug. The most severe side effect of docusate, although very rare, is rectal bleeding.

Docusate sodium is a strong irritant for eyes and lungs, and also a skin irritant. Ingestion can cause the side effects described above, such as diarrhea, intestinal bloating and occasionally cramping pains. DSS is not known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic.

Docusate sodium is highly toxic for rainbow trout with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.56 mg/l after 48 hours for the pure substance. It is only slightly to moderately toxic for rainbow trout fingerlings, and slightly toxic for harlequin rasboras (LC50 27 mg/l of a 60% formulation after 48 hours).

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Precautions before taking Pitavastatin calcium

Pitavastatin calcium is a member of the medication class of statins, marketed in the United States under the trade name Pitavastatin calcium. Like other statins, it is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyses the first step of cholesterol synthesis. It has been available in Japan since 2003, and is being marketed under licence in South Korea and in India. It is likely that pitavastatin will be approved for use in hypercholesterolaemia and for the prevention of cardiovascular disease outside South and Southeast Asia as well.In the US, it received FDA approval in 2009.

But, before using Pitavastatin calcium(CAS NO:147526-32-7), I have some warnings and precautions need to tell you!

1.Skeletal Muscle Effects

Cases of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria have been reported with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, including Pitavastatin calcium. These risks can occur at any dose level, but increase in a dose-dependent manner.

Pitavastatin calcium should be prescribed with caution in patients with predisposing factors for myopathy. These factors include advanced age (≥65 years), renal impairment, and inadequately treated hypothyroidism. The risk of myopathy may also be increased with concurrent administration of fibrates or lipid-modifying doses of niacin. It should be administered with caution in patients with impaired renal function, in elderly patients, or when used concomitantly with fibrates or lipid-modifying doses of niacin.

There have been rare reports of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), an autoimmune myopathy, associated with statin use. IMNM is characterized by: proximal muscle weakness and elevated serum creatine kinase, which persist despite discontinuation of statin treatment; muscle biopsy showing necrotizing myopathy without significant inflammation; improvement with immunosuppressive agents.

Pitavastatin calcium therapy should be discontinued if markedly elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed or suspected. Pitavastatin calcium therapy should also be temporarily withheld in any patient with an acute, serious condition suggestive of myopathy or predisposing to the development of renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis. All patients should be advised to promptly report unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, particularly if accompanied by malaise or fever or if muscle signs and symptoms persist after discontinuing this medicine.

2.Liver Enzyme Abnormalities

Increases in serum transaminases have been reported with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, including Pitavastatin calcium. In most cases, the elevations were transient and resolved or improved on continued therapy or after a brief interruption in therapy.

In placebo-controlled Phase 2 studies, ALT >3 times the upper limit of normal was not observed in the placebo, Pitavastatin calcium 1 mg, or Pitavastatin calcium 2 mg groups. One out of 202 patients (0.5%) administered Pitavastatin calcium 4 mg had ALT >3 times the upper limit of normal.

It is recommended that liver enzyme tests be performed before the initiation of Pitavastatin calcium and if signs or symptoms of liver injury occur.

There have been rare postmarketing reports of fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure in patients taking statins, including pitavastatin. If serious liver injury with clinical symptoms and/or hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice occurs during treatment with this medicine, promptly interrupt therapy. If an alternate etiology is not found do not restart this medicine.

As with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, Pitavastatin calcium should be used with caution in patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol. Active liver disease, which may include unexplained persistent transaminase elevations, is a contraindication to the use of Pitavastatin calcium .

3.Endocrine Function

Increases in HbA1c and fasting serum glucose levels have been reported with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, including Pitavastatin calcium.

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Summary of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol

2-Ethyl-1-hexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a fatty alcohol, an organic compound is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a massive scale as a precursor to plasticizers, some of which are controversial as potential endocrine disruptors.

2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is a clear, colourless liquid with an odour described as sweet, floral, intense, and unpleasant. Its formula is C8H18O, and CAS NO is 104-76-7. It occurs naturally in food and is also added as flavouring to foods. This compound is formulated by petrochemical synthesis and used predominately in the production of plasticizers for PVC resins, hexyl esters, and arylates. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is also used in textiles and as a solvent and wetting agent. 

Almost all 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is converted into the diesters bis(2-Ethyl-1-hexanol) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer. Because it is a fatty alcohol, its esters tend to have emollient properties. For example, the sunscreen octocrylene contains a 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol ester for this purpose. It is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent. This chemical can also be used as an octane booster when reacted with nitric acid.

In the atmosphere, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol occurs in the vapour phase and will undergo atmospheric degradation via photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. It is only moderately soluble in water, from which it will volatilize or undergo biodegradation. This compound is unlikely to adsorb to sediments or soil. 

2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde. About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually. The n-butyraldehyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility. Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol.

Plants, including a variety of fruits, are a natural source of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol emissions. Anthropogenic emission sources of this chemical include those resulting from its manufacturing and use as a solvent. It is also released in the manufacturing of plasticizers, plastics, coatings, cetane improvers, lubricant additives, and surfactants. It is formed from combustion of PVC plastics and disinfection of water and wastewater using chlorine dioxide. In indoor environments, it is emitted from some carpeting. This chemical is currently not a reportable substance for Environment Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory. 

In humans and animals, toxicity endpoints associated with acute 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol inhalation include irritation of eyes and throat, headaches, cough, dizziness, and fatigue. There is limited evidence to suggest acute, reversible neurotoxicity. No chronic effects were reported in either animal or human studies. Animal studies have concluded that this chemical is neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic. No data was identified for the effects of this chemical on terrestrial vegetation. In algae (Chlorella emersonii), 50 and 100 mg dm3 this chemical added to growth medium severely inhibited algal growth rate. 

The standard method for monitoring 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol in air employs the use of charcoal solid sorbent tubes. Reference air monitoring methods were limited to one method developed, tested and reported by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Ambient air quality guidelines or objectives were developed for 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol by only 5 of the 22 agencies evaluated.These agencies included: Ontario, Texas, Oklahoma, Michigan, and Vermont. Where reported, the basis for the guideline or objective was odour. No guidelines were developed based on occupational exposure criteria as there were no occupational criteria for 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol. 


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A new method to make Trimethylacetyl chloride

Conversion of alcohols into the corresponding Trimethylacetyl chloride is one of the most important and commonly used transformation in organic synthesis and development of such a procedure is still desirable in academia as well as in industrial research. A number of reagents have been employed to carry out this transformation. Some of the methods developed for this purpose utilize reagents such as thionyl chloride, PCL, Vilsmeier–Haack salt, benzothiazolium salts,2-chlo-robenzoxazolium salts, Vieche salts, polymer-supported triphenyl phosphine, dimethylammoni-umchloride or a filterable phosphine source such as 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. 

More recently, halide based ionic liquids and complex of TCT–DMF have been reported to effect this transformation. During our recent endeavor with HKR (hydrolytic kinetic reso-lution) mediated synthesis of biologically active compounds, werequired to convert a diol into the required epoxide through piva-late via a three step-sequence reaction. Interestingly, we observed an efficient chlorination of alcohol instead of its protection as piv-alate when reaction was performed in DMF. This could probably be attributed to the generation of a new reactive species responsible for chlorination and this observation prompted us to initiate a sys-tematic investigation of pivaloyl chloride/DMF reagent system for chlorination of alcohol. Herein we wish to disclose our results for a very mild and efficient conversion of alcohol to chloride.

In a typical experimental procedure, when alcohols were trea-ted with a pre-formed complex of DMF and pivaloyl chloride in dichloromethane, it gave the corresponding chloro compounds in moderate to good yields.

The present procedure is quite general as a wide range of struc-turally varied alcohols such as primary, secondary, allylic, homoal-lylic, and benzylic ones underwent smooth conversion with pivaloyl chloride/DMF into their corresponding Trimethylacetyl chloride(CAS NO:3282-30-2) under mild reaction conditions in moderate to good yields of the corre-sponding chloride. It should be mentioned here that insome cases small amount (5–15% yield) of the pivaloyl ester of the corresponding alcohol was also obtained as a side product.

The superiority of this procedure can be clearly visualized in chlo-rination of b-amino alcohol leading to the corresponding chloro compound in good yield without formation of any side product. The cleavage of acetonide group under the reac-tion conditions employed was not observed. It should be men-tioned here that the amino acid based azide thus prepared could serve as a useful building block to synthesise a new class of unnat-ural C-glycosyl amino acid featuring a triazole moiety between the sugar and amino acid entities.

PMBCl, an important protecting group in organic synthesis was also synthesized from the corre-sponding alcohol. Our method yielded the prod-uct free from any acidic impurities while the conventional method of its synthesis using hydrochloric acid generally affords the prod-uct contaminated with acidic impurities.

The measurement of optical rotation and its com-parison with literature values indicated that the reaction occurs with inversion of configuration via SN2 displacement leading to the corresponding chloro product in enantiomerically pure form. The involvement of Vilsmeier–Haack type complex as a possible reactive intermediate is invoked which adds on the hy-droxyl group of the alcohol to form the cationic species followed by subsequent nucleophilic attack of chloride ion in SN2 fashion to produce the corresponding chloride.

Some of the crude chloro compounds which were found to be volatile and unstable were subsequently treated with sodium azide in DMF at 60 C to afford the corresponding azide in good yield.

In conclusion, a mild, general and efficient conversion of alco-hols into Trimethylacetyl chloride has been developed. The noteworthy feature of the present method is the use of pivaloyl chloride/DMF as a mild, non-toxic and inexpensive reagent coupled with simple operation and ease of work-up. We believe this will present a better and more practical alternative to the existing methodologies.

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Diethylamine used in medicine

Diethylamine is a secondary amine with the molecular structure CH3CH2NHCH2CH3 (also written as C4H11N). It is a flammable, strongly alkaline liquid. It is miscible with water and ethanol. It is a colorless liquid which often appears brown due to impurities. It is volatile and has a strong unpleasant odor.

Diethylamine is manufactured from ethanol and ammonia and is obtained together with ethylamine and triethylamine. It is used as a corrosion inhibitor and in the production of rubber, resins, dyes and pharmaceuticals. Diethylamine is a corrosive chemical and contact with skin may cause irritation or burns.

Physical properties:

Molecular weight: 73.14
Boiling point: 55.5°C (760 mm Hg)
Color: colorless liquid
Specific gravity: 0.71 (water = 1)
Formula: (C2H5)2NH
Vapor pressure at 20°C: 195 mm Hg
Flash point (closed cup): less than -18°C
Odor: fish, ammonia-like
Synonyms: diethamine; N-ethyle-ethanamine
CAS NO.: 109-89-7 

Diethylamine vapor is a severe irritant to mucous membranes, eyes, and skin. Rabbits repeatedly exposed to 50 ppm for 7 hours daily showed corneal damage and pulmonary irritation. In one reported human case, liquid splashed into the eye caused immediate intense pain. In spite of emergency irrigation and treatment, the cornea became swollen and cloudy. Some permanent visual impairment resulted. Contact with the liquid causes vesiculation (blisters) and necrosis (death of tissue) of the skin.

Diethylamine is used in preparation of textile finishing agents, surfactants, rubber processing chemicals, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in iron, steel, and metal industries. 

Sometimes, it may be used as a polymerization inhibitor and catalyst in the polymer industry and as an intermediate in the dye industry. The other usages of Diethylamine is used as a depilatory of animal skins and in electroplating solutions.

In medicine, Diethylamine salicylate is widely used, it is used to treat muscular aches, sprains, and strains. It contains a mixture of ingredients that have a warming and pain-relieving effect that can help treat these types of conditions.

Diethylamine is available as a cream that is rubbed into the skin.You should try this medicine on a small area of skin first to make sure that you do not have a bad reaction to it.This cream should be applied sparingly. If you have sensitive skin or if you apply this medicine in hot weather or after a hot bath you may experience some discomfort.Speak to your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse during treatment with Diethylamine.


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