Making Sodium acetate by acetic acid

1．What is acetic acid?

Acetic acid (AceticAcid), name of acetic acid, molecular formula is CH3COOH, abbreviated HAc, molecular weight 60.04. Acetic acid is a carboxylic acid in addition to formic acid and construct the simplest acid, an organic acid is also the most widely used.

Originally found in edible vinegar contains acetic acid, composition of about 3 ~ 6%, acetic acid that is the name of the resulting. 

Acetic acid is a colorless liquid, melting point 16.7 ℃, boiling point is 188 ℃, at 0 ℃ the density is 1086kg/m3. When pure acetic acid into ice below the melting point, it can product a crystallization hygroscopic colorless body, also known as glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid is excitant strong acidity, corrosive, with pain and burn the skin, close to boiling temperature, there is a blue flame weak brilliant and combustion, product carbon dioxide and water vapor. Acetic acid is a weak acid, and alkali neutralization function, generating acetate. For example, acetic acid and caustic soda or soda neutralization function to generate sodium acetate. Acetic acid and alcohol can also play the esterification, generate a variety of esters. Acetic acid and aqueous acetic acid mixed easily, the oxidant is very stable, will not be at room temperature is a strong oxidizing agent (such as potassium and sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate oxidation mixture etc.).

2. What is Sodium acetate？

Sodium acetate, also known as sodium acetate anhydrous, molecular formula is CH3COONa, abbreviated NaAc, molecular weight 82. The CAS NO is 127-09-3. Containing three water of crystallization of sodium acetate molecules CH3COONa, 3H2O, NaAc, 3H2O, molecular weight 136.108, crystalline, colorless and tasteless, non-toxic, hygroscopicity, exposure to moisture in the air easily deliquescence, dry

It is easy weathering in the air, after weathering there is a white powder which is flammable. Sodium acetate trihydrate is easily soluble in water and ether, slightly soluble in ethanol. Water solution of Sodium acetate is a weakly alkaline. Sodium acetate trihydrate density is 1450kg/m3, melting point 58 ℃, spontaneous combustion point 607.2 ℃, 123 ℃ when taking off the 3 molecules of water. Sodium acetate anhydrous density is 1528kg/m3, melting point is 324 ℃. Sodium acetate is mainly used for printing and dyeing industry, meat preservation, pharmaceutical, electroplating, leather tanning, photographic, chemical reagents and organic synthesis, has certain market potential.

3. Using acetic acid wastewater research and trial production of sodium acetate

3.1 Usually preparation method of sodium acetate

In the laboratory, usually with 15 ~ 40 of the dilute acetic acid, neutralization to add right amount or caustic soda solution, and then steamed after the reaction of sodium acetate concentration, crystallization and reaction type, as follows: Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH, 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 ↑, NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONaH2O . In industrial production, the general is the use of the principle of producing sodium acetate.

3.2 Research experimental preparation of sodium acetate using acetic acid wastewater

Combined with the situation of raw material sources easily, choose the following items as the main raw material experiment: acetic acid wastewater (acetic acid content is about 30%, one of the three wastes), caustic soda (flake, industrial level, the company's products). The reason is because the selection of flake caustic soda into a little water, it can increase the concentration of sodium acetate in the reaction solution, greatly reduce the steam consumption of the subsequent evaporation. The main reactions in the experiment are:

The CH3COOHNaOH → CH3COONaH2O

In the study we found that, in addition to the main reaction of acetic acid and caustic soda has generated sodium acetate, also produced irritant gas is different from acetic acid smell in the reaction conditions of elevated temperature, and also generates a resinous substance, after further research and analysis, mainly due to the wastewater and acetaldehyde, acetic acid complex grease and other substances, so in addition to the main reaction, also occurred in the following reaction:

The H2COOHNaOH → H2COONaH2O

The 2CH3CHO → CH3CHOHCH2CHO (β- hydroxy aldehyde)

The CH3CHOHCH2CHO → CH3CH=CHCHO (α, β - Ding Xiquan) H2O

Because of the introduction of caustic soda, with alpha hydrogen atom aldehyde via aldol condensation formation of β - hydroxy aldehyde, β - hydroxy aldehyde dehydration to α, β - Ding Xiquan, acetaldehyde can also with α, β - Ding Xiquan continued the aldol condensation, dehydration, the last generation of resinous substances of high molecular weight. Resinous substance the reaction have a certain influence on the appearance of the product, should be removed by filtration method.

Complex grease acetic acid wastewater in the presence of caustic soda and the side reaction: RCOOR'NaOH → RCOONaR'OH type R, R'is alkyl.

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What is Sodium acetate used for?

Sodium acetate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, also sodium ethanoate, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Its  CAS NO is 127-09-3.This colourless salt has a wide range of uses.

Sodium acetate is a common chemical that has a wide variety of uses in several industries, including medical, food, textile, health and beauty,. It is the derivative of sodium from acetic acid.

1. Medical Use

Sodium acetate can serve as a form of sodium for intravenous use, when doctors need to prevent or manage hyponatremia, the condition of having low sodium in the blood. It is also used in certain combinations for use with renal dialysis.

2. Food Preparation Use

Sodium acetate can give salt and vinegar chips their flavor, while also acting as a preservative. The food industry also uses it to improve the flavor of meat and poultry. During food processing, sodium acetate also helps regulate some of the pH levels in certain food products. It has even been said to reduce the risk of hangover when added to alcoholic products.

3. Cosmetic Use

In the health and beauty industry, sodium acetate is used to make soap and a variety of cosmetic products. This is due to its good buffering and neutralizing components.

4. It's in the Water

More recently, sodium acetate is being used for water treatment, as opposed to the less environmentally-friendly methanol. Sodium acetate is used to reduce the damage water can potentially do to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the epoxy alternative that is usually employed for sealing concrete against water permeation.

5. Textile Use

The textile industry has a lot of use for sodium acetate as it is able to remove calcium salts, which then lengthens the life of the finished fabric. Sodium acetate is also used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams, and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning, and it helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, sodium acetate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity.

6. Buffer solution

As the conjugate base of acetic acid, a solution of sodium acetate and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH. This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4-6).

7. Heating pad

Sodium acetate is also used in consumer heating pads or hand warmers and is also used in hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate crystals melt at 58.4°C, (to 58°C ) dissolving in their water of crystallization. When they are heated past the melting point and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature without forming crystals. By clicking on a metal disc in the heating pad, a nucleation centre is formed which causes the solution to crystallize into solid sodium acetate trihydrate again. The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic. The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg. Unlike some other types of heat packs that depend on irreversible chemical reactions, sodium acetate heat packs can be easily recharged by placing in boiling water for a few minutes until all crystals are dissolved; they can be reused many times.

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