Glyoxylic acid or oxoacetic acid is an organic compound. Together with acetic acid, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid is one of the C2 carboxylic acids. It is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially. The Molecular Formula is C2H2O3, Molecular Weight is 74.04, and CAS Registry Number is 298-12-4.
Glyoxylic acid is a strong organic acid and a highly reactive chemical intermediate having two functional groups: the aldehyde group and the carboxylic acid group. Because of its bi-functionality is a versatile reagent in organic and fine chemicals syntheses. It is formed by organic oxidation of glyoxal with hot nitric acid, the main side product being oxalic acid. Ozonolysis of maleic acid is also effective.
The conjugate base of gloxylic acid is known as glyoxylate and is the form that the compound exists in solution at neutral pH. Glyoxylate is an intermediate of the glyoxylate cycle, which enables organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and plants to convert fatty acids into carbohydrates. Glyoxylate is the byproduct of the amidation process in biosynthesis of several amidated peptides.Historically Glyoxylic acid (CAS NO:298-12-4) was prepared from oxalic acid electrosynthetically.
Glyoxylic acid as an alternative reducing agent for electroless copper plating was investigated. Plating rates and bath stability were superior to that of the formaldehyde bath under standard conditions. Glyoxylate ions in the plating bath have no vapor pressure and showed good reducing power in the electroless copper plating. Therefore, glyoxylic acid can replace formaldehyde, and eliminate health and environmental problems resulting from generation of the fumes.
The glyoxylic acid condensation reaction is commonly used for visual detection of biogenic amines in histological sections. This is the sucrose-phosphate-glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method for the visualization of monoamines in tissues where the fluorescence is analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. It is used for counterstaining tissues.
The glyoxilic acid derivatives were discoverd as a new class of Oomycete fungicides. The Glyoxylic acid derivatives exhibit specific activity against oomycetes, including dwony mildew on grapes and late blight on potatoes an tomatoes. They are active against Oomycetes in soil such as Phytophthora in tabacoo and citrus. They exhibit protective, curative, eradicative and antisporulant activity. The glyoxilic acid can be synthesized wih a simple synthetic approach where in the second step the glycolic acid ester is needed.
The other usages of Glyoxylic acid, such as :Material for water purificant, used in the preservation of food.Crosslinking agent of polymerization and plating additive.Starting material for the synthesis of iron chelates. Intermediate of varnish material, dyes.
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