The enneahydrate, Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O, is a deliquescent rhombic crystalline salt that occurs in nature as the mineral coquimbite. It is used as a mordant in dyeing, as a coagulant for industrial wastes, in pickling baths for aluminum and steel, and in pigments. The CAS Registry Number is 10028-22-5.
Ferric sulfate is written out as Fe2(SO4)3, which means it contains a total of three naturally occurring chemical elements. Ferric sulphate is supplied as a reddish brown liquid manufactured from mined magnetic iron ore, virgin sulfuric acid, liquid oxygen, and water. Before use in its myriad industrial applications, the solution is prepared through oxidation, converting the ferrous iron within its composition into ferric iron. Stable iron concentrations in the resulting compound run up to 14%. The resulting solution can also be converted into granular form.
Ferric sulfate and jarosite have been detected by the two martian rovers Spirit and Opportunity. These substances are indicative of strongly oxidizing conditions prevailing at the surface of Mars. In May 2009, the Spirit rover became stuck when it drove over a patch of soft ferric sulfate that had been hidden under a veneer of normal-looking soil.
Because iron sulfate has very little cohesion, the rover's wheels could not gain sufficient traction to pull the body of the rover out of the iron sulfate patch. Multiple techniques were attempted to extricate the rover, but the wheels eventually sunk so deeply into the iron sulfate that the body of the rover came to rest on the martian surface, preventing the wheels from exerting any force on the material below them. As the JPL team failed to recover the mobility of Spirit, it signified the end of the journey for the rover.
The main applications of Ferric sulfate in the industrial sector include dyeing, coagulation for pigments or industrial wastes, potable drinking water production, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, and sludge conditioning. It works to prevent odor by eliminating hydrogen sulfide. Ferric sulfate works in a wide pH range too and decomposes at a high temperature. In other non-industrial sectors, ferric sulphate is also used to remove natural organic matter in water, such as bacteria, arsenic, and heavy metals.
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