Diethyl Phthalate has been Nominated

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a phthalate ester, namely the diethyl ester of phthalic acid. It is a clear substance that is liquid at room temperature and is only slightly more dense than liquid water. It has a faint, disagreeable odor and can be transferred from the plastics that contain it. When burned, DEP produces toxic gases.

Since the compound is a suitable solvent for many organic molecules, it is often used to bind cosmetics and fragrances. Other industrial uses include plasticizers, detergent bases and aerosol sprays. Because of the frequent dermal exposure of humans to the chemical, the question of toxicity is crucial. Several studies suggest that DEP can cause damage to the nervous system as well as to the reproductive organs in males and females.

Diethyl phthalate is nominated by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences for reproductive toxicity studies based on widespread exposure to the general population and inadequate data to evaluate its potential reproductive hazard.

Diethyl phthalate is extensively used in consumer products, and recent biomonitoring data indicate that Diethyl phthalate and its metabolites are found at higher concentration in the urine of the general population than several other phthalates.

Significant concern has been raised for phthalates regarding their endocrine disrupting properties and adverse effects on reproductive development in experimental animals.

In a continuous breeding study in mice, there was a reduction in litter size at the highest dose level tested and a decrease in sperm concentration in offspring with no such effects in the parental generation. The mouse is known to be less sensitive to the reproductive effects of phthalates compared to rats, and a multigeneration reproductive study in rats has only recently been published.

There were few developmental effects and no effects on reproductive performance observed in this well-conducted study. Limitations in the design of this study however, leave the question of potential reproductive hazard of Diethyl phthalate unanswered.

Therefore, a second multigeneration reproductive toxicity study in rats that incorporates modern endocrinerelated end points and sufficient numbers of animals retained in the F1 generation is needed to adequately define the dose response for reproductive toxicity and particularly the potential for effects in the F1 generation. Design parameters of a second multigeneration reproductive toxicity study should include assessment of the androgen status of F1 male offspring (e.g. measurement of anogenital distance and nipple retention perinatally and in adults) and retaining a minimum of two males and females per litter in the F1 generation.

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