The basic knowledge of Barium hydroxide

Barium hydroxide is the chemical compound with the formula Ba(OH)2. Also known as baryta, it is one of the principal compounds of barium. The white granular monohydrate is the usual commercial form. The CAS NO of Barium hydroxide is 17194-00-2.

Barium hydroxide can be prepared by dissolving barium oxide (BaO) in water: BaO + 9 H2O → Ba(OH)2·8H2O It crystallises as the octahydrate, which converts to the monohydrate upon heating in air. At 100 °C in a vacuum, the monohydrate gives BaO.

Barium hydroxide uses widely in the chemical industry, now let me show you the usages of Barium hydroxide.

Barium hydroxide is used in analytical chemistry for the titration of weak acids, particularly organic acids. Its clear aqueous solution is guaranteed to be free of carbonate, unlike those of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, as barium carbonate is insoluble in water. This allows the use of indicators such as phenolphthalein or thymolphthalein (with alkaline colour changes) without the risk of titration errors due to the presence of carbonate ions, which are much less basic.

Barium hydroxide is used in organic synthesis as a strong base, for example for the hydrolysis of esters and nitriles. It has been used to hydrolyse one of the two equivalent ester groups in dimethyl hendecanedioate. It is also used in the preparation of cyclopentanone, diacetone alcohol and D-Gulonic γ-lactone. The other usage of Barium hydroxide is in a demonstration of endothermic reactions since, when mixed with an ammonium salt, the reaction becomes cold as heat is absorbed from the surroundings.

Bariumhydroxide can make a reaction with many other chemical substances. Barium hydroxide decomposes to barium oxide when heated to 800 °C. Reaction with carbon dioxide gives barium carbonate. Its aqueous solution, being highly alkaline, undergoes neutralization reactions with acids. Thus, it forms barium sulfate and barium phosphate with sulfuric and phosphoric acids, respectively. Reaction with hydrogen sulfide produces barium sulfide. Precipitation of many insoluble, or less soluble barium salts, may result from double replacement reaction when a barium hydroxide aqueous solution is mixed with many solutions of other metal salts.

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