Ammonium sulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; also ammonium
sulphate in British English), (NH4)2SO4, is an inorganic salt with a number of
commercial uses. The most common use is as a soil fertilizer. It contains 21%
nitrogen as ammonium cations, and 24% sulfur as sulfate anions. The CAS NO is 7783-20-2.
Ammonium sulfate is widely used in many fields, such as used in
laboratory, or used as food additive, in this article; I will show you the
basic uses of Ammonium sulfate.
1. Used in agriculture
The primary use of ammonium sulfate is as a
fertilizer for alkaline soils. In the soil the ammonium ion is released and
forms a small amount of acid, lowering the pH balance of the soil, while contributing
essential nitrogen for plant growth. The main disadvantage to the use of
ammonium sulfate is its low nitrogen content relative to ammonium nitrate,
which elevates transportation costs.
In November 2009, a ban on ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and
calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizers was imposed in the former Malakand
Division—comprising the Upper Dir, Lower Dir, Swat, Chitral and Malakand
districts of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan Afghanistan
It is also used as an agricultural spray adjuvant for water
soluble insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. There it functions to bind
iron and calcium cations that are present in both well water and plant cells.
It is particularly effective as an adjuvant for 2,4-D (amine), glyphosate, and
glufosinate herbicides.
2. Used in laboratory
In biochemistry, ammonium sulfate precipitation is a common method
for purifying proteins by selective precipitation; Ammonium sulfate is
extremely soluble in water and so can make very concentrated solutions, which
can "salt out" proteins, causing their precipitation at particular concentrations.
This provides a convenient and simple means to fractionate complex protein
mixtures. As such, ammonium sulfate is also listed as an ingredient for many United States
3. Used as a food additive
As a food additive, ammonium sulfate is considered generally
recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and in the
European Union it is designated by the E number E517. It is used as an acidity
regulator in flours and breads.
4. Other uses
Ammonium sulfate is used on a small scale in the preparation of
other ammonium salts, especially ammonium persulfate. A saturated solution of
ammonium sulfate in heavy water (2H2O) is used as an external standard in
sulfur (33S) NMR spectroscopy with shift value of 0 ppm.
Ammonium sulfate has also been used in flame retardant
compositions acting much like diammonium phosphate. As a flame retardant, it
lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight
loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char. Its
flame retardant efficacy can be enhanced by blending it with ammonium
sulfamate.
Ammonium sulfate has been used as a wood preservative, but due to
its hygroscopic nature, this use has been largely discontinued because of
associated problems with metal fastener corrosion, dimensional instability, and
finish failures.
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